14^th International Conference on Dermatology and Cosmetic Medicine April 18-19, 2019 Rome, Italy

Basal cell carcinoma arises from basal cells and is a nonmelanocytic skin cancer. This cancer is improbable to spread from the skin to other parts of the body, but it can move nearby into bone or other tissue under the skin. These tumors start growing as small shiny bumps, usually on the nose or other parts of the face. But one can get them on any part of the body, including the trunk, legs and arms. Fairer skin people are more likely to get this form of cancer. The main cause of basal cell carcinoma is Ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun.

Melanoma is a type of cancer that develops from melanocytes, the pigment cells of the skin. Melanomas commonly occur in the skin, but may rarely occur in the mouth, intestines or eye. In case of women, melanomas commonly occur on the legs, while in case of men they are most common on the back. Most commonly they develop from a mole with remarkable changes like increase in size, irregular edges, and change in color, itchiness, or skin breakdown. Due to DNA damage form Ultraviolet light (UV) exposure is the primary cause of melanoma; it may be from either the sun or from other sources, such as tanning devices. Genetic factors also play one of the major causes for melanoma.

Vitiligo is a skin disease characterized by white patches of the skin due to depigmentation. This dermatologic condition may begin from the areas of the skin that are exposed to the sun. It affects both sides of the body; inside of the mouth and nose also. Though the exact cause is unknown, it may occur due to genetic susceptibility to certain environmental factors. The major risk factors include certain autoimmune diseases like hyperthyroidism, alopecia areata, and pernicious anemia. Between the two classifications of Vitiligo i.e. segmental and non-segmental, most cases are non-segmental i.e. they affect both sides and in these cases, the affected area of the skin commonly expands with time.

Dermatologic surgery is a field which deals with the diagnosis and surgery of the affected areas of the skin, hair, nails, veins, mucous membranes and adjacent tissues to repair and improve the medical condition and appearance of tissues.

Dermatologic therapy is one of the fields of medicine which helps to treat the abnormal medical conditions of the skin which can be attempted by both physicians and surgeons. The medical condition may be malignant or non-malignant disease and the person may belong to the population ranging from infants to adults. Advancements in the study and observance of dermatological conditions have allowed dermatologists to develop the diagnosis and treatment procedures. In recent years, dermatology has adopted techniques and treatments from other disciplines, such as genetic studies and the use of immunosuppressive agents, and introducing successful stories in the rapidly expanding area of laser therapy and has broadened the diagnostic and therapeutic scope.

Aesthetic medicine and Cosmetic dermatology is the comprehensive term that deals with the specialties of improving and treating the appearance and condition of the skin cosmetically.  The treating conditions include scars, skin laxity, wrinkles, moles, excess fat, cellulite, unwanted hair, skin discoloration, and spider veins. These techniques include both surgical and non-surgical procedures. 

Dermatology deals with the study of skin, but dermatologists also diagnose and treat diseases involved with hair and nails. A dermatologist can diagnose and treat skin conditions present on the scalp, like psoriasis or eczema. Hair Loss nowadays is a common concern that has many causes and can be treated by a dermatologist. People experiencing hair loss are wondering if the amount of hair loss is normal or excessive and whether it is temporary or going to be a continuous concern until we take an appropriate treatment for the abnormalcy. Sometimes hair loss stop on its own but a dermatologist can help explain possible causes and treatment options.

Alternative medicine is now becoming one of the emerging fields in medical practices. It is also referred as integrative or complementary medicine. Though alternative medical practices are not recognized by the medical community as standard or conventional medical solutions still its popularity is increasing among the patients. Traditional alternative medicine includes forms of therapy, such as acupuncture, homeopathy, herbal preparations, special teas, dietary supplements, magnet therapy and spiritual healing which is more mainstream and accepted.

Pediatric dermatology deals with the study of neonatal skin. Pediatric dermatologists deal with the diagnosis and treatment of the various skin disorders in infants and children. The skin of infants is thinner than adult skin and more susceptible to microbe infection due to less developed immune system than the adults.

The process of treatment of skin disorders by using psychological and psychiatric techniques is termed as Psychodermatology. Most of the skin disorders as eczema, psoriasis, hives, hair loss and compulsive skin picking and hair pulling disorders have the necessity to treat with this process. Psychological or psychiatric treatments have adopted as the primary treatments for some dermatological disorders. Techniques include used relaxation, meditation, hypnosis and self-hypnosis, psychotropic medications, biofeedback, and focused psychotherapy. This proves to be a support for the patients experiencing diseases so that they can recover easily and speedily.

The study, diagnosis and treatment of the Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases such as psoriasis are termed as Immunodermatology. Autoimmune diseases are those diseases in which our body immune system erroneously acts against our own healthy cells or tissues or parts of the body. Some of the diseases like Systemic Lupus Erythematous (SLE), Bullous Pemphigoid (BP) and Pemphigus Vulgaris (PV) fall under this category.  In case of Systemic Lupus Erythematous (SLE) or commonly known as lupus, most commonly facial tissues are targeted. Though the root cause is not entirely clear, it is believed that some hormones, environmental and genetic factors are responsible for the occurrence of the disease. There is no medication which will cure SLE permanently, but corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, hydroxychloroquine and methotrexate will help to diminish the effects. Bullous Pemphigoid and Pemphigus Vulgaris are rare chronic blistering skin diseases which come under Type II Hypersensitivity and are autoimmune disorders. Immunofluorescence study will help to diagnose these diseases.

Veterinary dermatology deals with the diagnosis and treatment of animal skin, ear, hair, nail, hoof and mouth disorders. Specifically veterinary dermatologists have to gain expertise in the management of allergic skin disease. Some advanced techniques for diagnosis are Intradermal allergy testing and serologic allergy testing.

Dermatopathology is a subspecialty that deals with the study of dermatology and pathology and targets on the analysis of cutaneous illness at a minuscule and atomic level. It additionally includes observations of the probable reasons for skin illnesses at a significant level. Dermatopathologists and clinical dermatologists work in cooperation with each other, which brings the causative element of the disease to the knowledge of the dermatopathologist and results in a specific interpretation of treatment process.

Restoring the normal appearance, function and deformities of the parts of the body created by some medical conditions, birth defects or trauma is considers as Reconstructive Surgery.

Dermato-venerology is a branch of dermatology which deals with the study of sexually transmitted diseases whose consequences give birth to skin diseases. Venereology and dermatology can be studied together as in most of the sexually transmitted diseases the foremost symptom appears on the skin. Bacteria, virus and parasites are the major causative agents for veneral diseases.